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- Patrick Henry, March 23, 1775.
-
-
- No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities,
- of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House. But different
- men often see the same subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope it
- will not be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen if, entertaining as I do
- opinions of a character very opposite to theirs, I shall speak forth my
- sentiments freely and without reserve. This is no time for ceremony. The
- questing before the House is one of awful moment to this country. For my own
- part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery; and
- in proportion to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the freedom of the
- debate. It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and
- fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country. Should
- I keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offense, I
- should consider myself as guilty of treason towards my country, and of an act
- of disloyalty toward the Majesty of Heaven, which I revere above all earthly
- kings.
-
- Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We
- are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of
- that siren till she transforms us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men,
- engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of
- the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the
- things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, whatever
- anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know
- the worst, and to provide for it.
-
- I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of
- experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And
- judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the
- British ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which
- gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House. Is it that
- insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it
- not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be
- betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our
- petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and
- darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and
- reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that
- force must be called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves,
- sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation; the last arguments to
- which kings resort. I ask gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if
- its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other
- possible motive for it? Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the
- world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she
- has none. They are meant for us: they can be meant for no other. They are
- sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry
- have been so long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try
- argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years. Have we
- anything new to offer upon the subject? Nothing. We have held the subject up
- in every light of which it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we
- resort to entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find which
- have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive
- ourselves. Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm
- which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have
- supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored
- its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and
- Parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have
- produced additional violence and insult; our supplications have been
- disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the
- throne! In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace
- and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be
- free - if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which
- we have been so long contending - if we mean not basely to abandon the noble
- struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged
- ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be
- obtained - we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An appeal to arms
- and to the God of hosts is all that is left us!
-
- They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an
- adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the
- next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard
- shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength but irresolution
- and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying
- supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our
- enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make a
- proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power.
- The millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a
- country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy
- can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone.
- There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations, and who will
- raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the
- strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we
- have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to
- retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery!
- Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston!
- The war is inevitable - and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come.
-
- It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace -
- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps
- from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our
- brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that
- gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as
- to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God!
- I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give
- me death!